Unit 31
• taxonomy: sự phân loại (n)
• classification
• compatible : tương thích (a) → compatibility (n)
• rotten: mục nát (a)~ decaying
• nocturnal: hoạt động về đêm (a)
• bait : môi, bả (n)
• utilise : tận dụng (v)debris : mảnh vỡ (n)~ fragment
• pitfall trap: hố bẫy (n)
• maintenance : bảo trì (n)→ maintain (v)
• intervention : sự can thiệp (n)→ intervene (v)
Exercise
Fill in each blank with one word. You may have to change word form.
1. How can mass media be effectively. ……………………… to promote a culture of peace?
2. An example of ……………………… is the way a website classifies and organizes available resources and information to help navigation within a website.
3. Every car……………………… service every 12 months or owner should perform car every 10000 kilometers.
4. A……………………… is a simple device used to catch small animals that spend most of their time on the ground.
5. Measures to protect the environment should be ……………………… with economic growth.
6. Half the people questioned said they were opposed to military ……………………… in the civil war.
7. Several people were injured by flying………………………. in the explosion.
8. We put down some poisoned ……………………… to kill the rats.
9. Hamsters are ……………………… although they are sometimes active during the day.
10. The forest floor often is covered with……………………… pine needles, logs, and leaves
1 utilised
2 taxonomy
3 maintenance
4 pitfall trap
5 compatible
6 intervention
7 debris
8 bait
9 nocturnal
10 rotten
Unit 32
• obstacle: chướng ngại vật (n)
• dominate: thống trị (v) → dominant (a)
• obstruct: che khuất, ngăn cản (v)~ block
• scatter: phân tán (v)
• illuminate: chiếu sáng (v)~ light
• immensely: rất, cực kỳ (adv)→ immense (a): rất lớn
• uncanny: kỳ lạ (a)
• echo: tiếng vang (n, v) ~ reverberation
• submarine: tàu ngầm (n)
• navigation: sự định hướng (cho tàu bè) (n) → navigate (v)
Exercise
Fill in each blank with one word. You may have to change word form.
1. It is ……………………… the way that she always knows exactly what other people think.
2. They work as a group – no one person is allowed to………………………
3. In the past, ………………………depended on a knowledge of the positions of the stars.
4. The film Journey to the West is. ……………………… popular with children in Vietnam.
5. After the earthquake many roads were……………………… by collapsed buildings.
6. Capable of being armed with surface to air missiles, these. ……………………… can help combat multiple threats at sea.
7. The streets were……………………… with strings of coloured lights.
8. Debris from the aircraft was……………………… over a large area.
9. Bats have very poor eyesight but they use ……………………… to locate objects in the dark.
10.So far, we have managed to overcome all the……………………… that have been placed in our path.
1 uncanny
2 dominate
3 navigation
4 immensely
5 obstructed
6 submarines
7 illuminated
8 scattered
9 echoes
10 obstacles
Unit 33
• ingredient: thành phần (n)~ component
• cuisine: ẩm thực (n)
• preservative: bảo quản (a)→ preservative (n): chất bảo quản
• exclusive: độc quyền (a)→ exclusively (adv)
• subcontract: thầu lại (v)
• plantation: đồn điền (n)
• seedling: cây giống (n)
• compromise: thỏa hiệp (n, v)~agreement
• monopoly: độc quyền (n)→ monopolise (v)
• smuggle: buôn lậu (v)→ smuggler (n)
Exercise
Fill in each blank with one word. You may have to change word form.
1. If it is a large contract, the contractor may……………………… parts of it.
2. China exported $2.5 billion of food ……………………… to the United States and the rest of the world in 2006.
3. The Post Office has a……………………… on these services and customers do not have the luxury of choosing another supplier.
4. She was caught trying to ……………………… 26 kilos of heroin into the country.
5. The pool is for the ……………………… use of residents of the local area.
6. Francis Bacon once killed a bird and stuffed it with snow in order to find out the ……………………… effect of snow on flesh.
7. The government has said that there will be no……………………… with terrorists.
8. If the rains are too hard, young plants and……………………… can be washed away.
9. London offers a wide variety of foreign……………………… from French to Indian and Thai, just to name a few.
10. During the French colonial period, hundreds of thousands of Vietnamese workers were brought to work at rubber………………………
1 subcontract
2 ingredients
3 monopoly
4 smuggle
5 exclusive
6 preservative
7 compromise
8 seedlings
9 cuisines
10 plantations
Unit 34
• strip: dải đất (n)
• stretch: duỗi ra, vươn ra (v)
• bark: vỏ (cây) (n)/nghĩa khác: (chó) sủa (v)
• herbal remedy: thảo dược (n)→ remedy (v): cứu chữa
• charcoal: than củi (n)
• trunk: thân cây (n)
• botanist: nhà thực vật học (n)→ botanical garden (n): vườn thực vật
• prejudice: thành kiến (n)→ prejudiced (a)
• pollen: phấn hoa (n)→ pollination (n): sự thụ phấn
• evaporation: sự bay hơi (n)→ evaporate (v)
Exercise
Fill in each blank with one word. You may have to change word form.
1. It is proved that diamond and ……………………… both consist of carbon atoms, so are chemically identical.
2. Ice cover prevents……………………… of water from the lake surface.
3. Last week, a ……………………… announced he’d bred a new and beautiful variety of orchid.
4. The island was narrow, a……………………… of land about twenty miles long, running in a north-south direction.
5. Bees pollinate the ……………………… from one flower to plants by carrying the another.
6. ……………………… is the protective skin of trees and plants that produces wood.
7. A rubber band ……………………… and reverts back to its original position.
8. He claims that ……………………… against homosexuals would cease overnight if all the gay stars in the country were honest about their sexuality.
9. The way that the ……………………… of a tree divides into smaller and smaller branches and twigs is an approximate fractal pattern.
10………………………. are plants used to help prevent or cure disease, boost energy and lose weight.
1 charcoal
2 evaporation
3 botanist
4 strip
5 pollen
6 Bark
7 stretches
8 prejudice
9 trunk
10 Herbal remedies
Unit 35
• fragrant: thơm (a)→ fragrance (n): mùi thơm
• additive: chất phụ gia (n)
• exotic: ngoại lai (a)~ foreign, alien
• funeral: tang lễ (n)
• rival: đối thủ (n)~ competitor
• enslave: bắt làm nô lệ (v)→ slave (n): nô lệ
• ethnic group: nhóm sắc tộc (n)
• expel: trục xuất (v)~ deport
• appetite: cảm giác thèm ăn (n)
• supersede: thế chỗ (v)~ replace
Exercise
Fill in each blank with one word. You may have to change word form.
1. Most of the old road has been……………………… by the great interstate highways.
2. In many countries, it is a convention to wear black at………………………
3. The airline admitted being involved in a dirty tricks campaign to win customers from their………………………
4. An ……………………… is a group of people who share a similar culture, language, religion, and ancestry.
5. When the Spanish arrived in Bolivia in the 16th century, they. ……………………… the indigenous people and worked millions to death.
6. The introduction of……………………… species has lead to a reduction in the population of local species.
7. Since prehistory, natural ……………………… such as salt and vinegar have been added to food to preserve it or improve its flavour.
8. Don’t spoil your……………………… by eating between meals.
9. The new government is going to……………………… all illegal immigrants by Oct 20.
10. The jasmine on my balcony is so……………………… that I can smell it as soon as I open the door in the morning.
1 superseded
2 funerals
3 rival
4 ethnic group
5 enslaved
6 exotic
7 additives
8 appetite
9 expel
10 fragrant
Unit 36
• fibre: chất xơ (n)
• shell: phần vỏ (n)
• nutrient: chất dinh dưỡng (n) → nutritious (a)
• mature: chín, trưởng thành (v) → maturity (n)
• solidify: cứng lại, đặc lại (v)~ harden
• tolerate: chịu đựng (v)→ tolerance (n): sức chịu đựng
• embryo: phôi (n)
• moisture: hơi ẩm (n)→ moisturize (v): làm ẩm
• coral: san hô (n)
• disperse: phân tán (v)→ dispersion (n)
Exercise
Fill in each blank with one word. You may have to change word form.
1. Plants draw minerals and other……………………… from the soil.
2. The sunflower seed……………………… are rough and not easily digestible, so remove them from the seeds before eating.
3. Once the seeds are released into the air, the wind quickly………………………. them.
4. As the air rises it cools and the ……………………… contained within it condenses into clouds and eventually it rains.
5. Leafy vegetables ………………………. some shade, but fruiting types such as pumpkin need sun.
6. With its blue waters, white-sand beaches, and pristine……………………….. reefs, the Maldives looks like paradise.
7. During the cycle of growth, the……………………….. in the seed grows, under suitable conditions, to form a plant with leaves and roots.
8. High consumption of dietary ………………………..regulates blood sugar levels, reduces cholesterol and can prevent heart disease and cancer.
9. A mixture of milk and orange juice can stay in the stomach longer because it……………………….. and makes it hard to digest.
10. Baobab trees are one of the biggest in the world but it takes them up to 20 years to……………………….
1 nutrients
2 shells
3 disperses
4 moisture
5 tolerate
6 coral
7 embryo
8 fibre
9 solidifies
10 mature
Unit 37
• flourish: phát triển, sum sê (v) ~ thrive
• elastic: đàn hồi, co giãn (a)~ stretchy
• insulate: cách (nhiệt, âm) (v) → insulation (n)
• defence: vật bảo vệ (n) → defend (v)
• cellular (thuộc) tế bào (a) → cell (n)
• replicate: sao chép (v)~ copy, duplicate
• sapling: cây non (n)
• Thermal: (thuộc) nhiệt (a)
• biodiversity: sự đa dạng sinh học (n)
• desertification: sa mạc hóa (n)
Exercise
Fill in each blank with one word. You may have to change word form.
1. ………………………..is a term used to describe the enormous variety of life on Earth.
2. Trees help to prevent ………………………..as well as providing shade and firewood.
3. Computer viruses ……………………….. themselves and are passed along from user to user.
4. The plantation of tree ……………………….. for any occasion has now become ceremony for politicians.
5. Some plants ……………………….. in shade while others can take lots of light.
6. By definition, a material is ……………………….. if it recovers its initial shape after load removal.
7. In the absence of ……………………….. immune response, bacterial proliferation a normal may lead to infection.
8. The rebels’ only form of ……………………….. against the soldiers’ guns was sticks and stones.
9. It was the Romans who first recognized the medicinal benefits of Hungary’s ………………………..springs which produce hot water.
10. You can ……………………….. a house against heat loss by having the windows double- glazed.
1 Biodiversity
2 desertification
3 replicate
4 saplings
5 flourish
6 elastic
7 cellular
8 defence
9 thermal
10 insulate
Unit 38
• convert: chuyển đổi (v)~change, transform
• redundant: dưa thừa (a)
• discard: loại bỏ (v)~ remove, dispose of
• precious: quý giá (a)~ valuable
• twig: cành con (n)
• plausible: hợp lý (a)~ reasonable
• overwhelm: làm choáng ngợp (v)
• deficiency: sự thiếu hụt (n)~ shortage
• acute: trầm trọng (a)~ severe
• resort to: dùng đến, chọn dùng (v)
Exercise
Fill in each blank with one word. You may have to change word form.
1. In the sentence “She is a single unmarried woman”, the word “unmarried” is………………………..
2. The system is eco-friendly because the waste heat is……………………….. to electricity.
3. The two governments were prepared to……………………….. force if negotiation failed.
4. In Ho Chi Minh City, the housing crisis is very ………………………..with a desperate shortage of social housing and with house prices so unreachable for the majority.
5. Vitamin……………………….. in the diet can cause illness.
6. They were……………………….. with grief when their baby died.
7. To prevent people from……………………….. garbage on highway, the taxi company has begun providing a garbage bag in every car.
8. There is no……………………….. explanation why my electricity bill is so high in this spring.
9. Sound wave vibrations are absorbed by leaves, branches and……………………….. of trees along the road.
10. The museum is full of rare and……………………….. treasures.
1 redundant
2 converted
3 resort to
5 deficiency
6 overwhelmed
7 discarding
8 plausible
9 twigs
10 precious
Unit 39
• justice: sự công bằng (n)
• quota: hạn ngạch, hạn mức (n)
• corrupt: ăn hối lộ (a) → corruption (n)
• reverse: điều ngược lại (n, v) ~opposite
• moral: đạo đức (a, n) ~ethical
• sue: kiện (v) ~take legal action against
• sentiment: tình cảm (n)
• stockholder: cổ đông (n)~shareholder
• enforce: thi hành (luật) (v)→ enforcement (n)
• exer: sử dụng (v)
Exercise
Fill in each blank with one word. You may have to change word form.
1. It is the job of the police to……………………….. the law.
2. John was overwhelmed by the……………………….. of love and support in the letters he received from his fans.
3. She……………………….. the newspaper for damages after they wrongly described her as a prostitute.
4. The whole system was ……………………….. every official she approached wanted money before helping her.
5. The winner has been disqualified for cheating, so………………………..has been done.
6. It is the witness’s……………………….. obligation to tell the police what she knows.
7. Some managers. ……………………….. considerable pressure on their staff to work extra hours without being paid.
8. Last year, more than 50 universities missed their recruitment targets and 9,500 places were left empty so they will do anything to fill the………………………..
9. ………………………..will be voting on the proposed merger of the companies next week.
10. If you tell children to do something, they will often do the exact………………………..
1 enforce
2 sentiments
3 sued
4 corrupt
5 justice
6 moral
7 exert
8 quotas
9 Stockholders
10 reverse
Unit 40
• ecologist: nhà sinh thái (n) → ecology (n)
• faulty: bị lỗi (a) → fault (n)
• ingest: ăn vào bụng (v)
• tissue: mô (n)
• spill: tràn (n, v)
• figure out: tìm ra (v)~ work out
• simulation: mô phỏng (n) → simulate (v)
• position: đặt vào vị trí (v)~ put, locate
• interrogate: chất vấn (v)
• address: giải quyết (v)~ cope with, handle
Exercise
Fill in each blank with one word. You may have to change word form.
1. If the equipment is found to be……………………….. you should return it immediately.
2. And unless current trends reverse, ……………………….. predict the last rainforest tree will fall in the next 40 years.
3. When it came to seating people for dinner, I ……………………….. myself as far away from him as possible.
4. Lead will poison anyone if enough is………………………..
5. ……………………….. models are used to predict earthquake patterns.
6. If they know the cause of the problem, they might be able to……………………….. how to prevent it happening again.
7. Airports are trying to……………………….. security concerns without causing inconvenience to passengers.
8. The suspect was……………………….. by the police for over 12 hours.
9. An oil……………………….. is industrial disaster which can wipe out big chunks of the environment.
10………………………… is a group of related cells that forms larger parts of animals and plants.
1 faulty
2 ecologists
3 positioned
4 ingested
5 Simulation
6 figure out
7 address
8 interrogated
9 spill
10 Tissue