Unit 21
• deteriorate: trở nên tệ hơn (v) → deterioration (n)
• criticise: chỉ trích (v) → criticism (n)
• aptitude: năng lực (n)~ abilityimpose: áp đặt (v)
• adherent: người ủng hộ (n)~ advocate
• deviation: sự sai lệch (n)
• prescribe: quy định (v)
• pronounce: tuyên bố (v)
• valid: hợp lệ, có giá trị (a) → validity (n)
• legislation: pháp luật, pháp chế (n) → legislative (a)
Exercise
Fill in each blank with one word. You may have to change word form.
1. His……………………. for dealing with children got him the job.
2. For the experiment to be…………………….. it is essential to record the data accurately.
3. This system……………………. additional financial burdens on many people.
4. The government is pushing through……………………. to ban smoking in all public places.
5. He was taken to the hospital where he was……………………. dead on arrival.
6. The project has been……………………. as a waste of money.
7. The law …………………….that all children must go to school.
8. Any……………………. from the party philosophy is seen as betrayal.
9. She has long been an……………………. of the Communist Party.
10. Her health …………………….rapidly, and she died shortly afterwards.
1 aptitude
2 valid
3 imposes
4 legislation
5 pronounced
6 criticised
7 prescribes
8 deviation
9 adherent
10 deteriorated
Unit 22
• recall: nhớ lại (v)
• remember
• auditorium : thính phòng (n)
• peripheral : thứ yếu, không quan trọng (a)~ secondary
• consciousness : ý thức (n) → conscious (a)
• follow-up: tiếp theo (a)
• hypnosis : sự thôi miên (n)
• ceremony : nghi lễ (n)
• notoriety : sự nổi danh (n)~ notorious (a)
• associate : cộng sự (n)~ partner
• mediocre : xoàng, tầm thường (a) ~ ordinary, inferior
Exercise
A. Fill in each blank with one word. You may have to change word form.
1. Many years later Muir ………………………. his days at Glasgow University.
2. The book, written by a former……………………….. attacked the president’s style of government.
3. Under deep………………………. she remembered the traumatic events of that night.
4. He achieved ………………………. for being difficult to work with as an actor.
5. The player was under some pressure after some………………………. performances.
6. We weren’t married in church, but we had a civil ………………………. in a registry office.
7. A………………………. phone call is a telephone call made to check on the status of an order placed a week prior.
8. You will be taken on a guided tour of the theatre, including the stage, ………………………. and backstage areas.
9. She hit her head on a rock and lost……………………….
10. First of all, we had to find out who the thief was getting the money back was a ………………………. issue.
1 recalled
2 associate
3 hypnosis
4 notoriety
5 mediocre
6 ceremony
7 follow-up
8 auditorium
9 consciousness
10 peripheral
Unit 23
• flock: đàn (chim) (n)
• spectacle : cảnh tượng (n)→ spectacular (a): ngoạn mục, đẹp mắt
• specimen : vật mẫu (n)~ sample
• disturbance sự náo động (n)
• Thrive : thịnh vượng, phát triển (v)~ flourish
• Tumour : khối u (n)
• Carnivore : loài ăn thịt (n)#herbivore: loài ăn cỏ
• niche : vị trí, vai trò (n) nghĩa khác: ngách (niche market – thị trường ngách)
• mitigate: giảm nhẹ (v)~ alleviate, reduce
• cloning: nhân bản (a)
Exercise
Fill in each blank with one word. You may have to change word form.
1. Critics of the suggested ………………………. programme say that the replication of human embryos is symptomatic of our throwaway culture.
2. Soil erosion was………………………. by the planting of trees.
3. Mammals moved into the ………………………. left vacant by the disappearance of the dinosaurs.
4. The natural world requires a balance of ……………………….omnivores and herbivores.
5. These ………………………. can kill your body’s healthy tissues and spread to other parts of your body.
6. Animals rarely……………………….. in captivity.
7. The building work is creating constant noise, dust and……………………….
8. Astronauts have brought back………………………. of rock from the moon.
9. The sunset was a stunning. ……………………….
10. Early reports from the crew indicated they may have struck a………………………. of birds in flight.
1 cloning
2 mitigated
3 niche
4 carnivores
5 tumours
6 thrive
7 disturbance
8 specimens
9 spectacle
10 flock
Unit 24
• derive: lấy từ… (v)
• ailment: bệnh tật (n)
• extract: chiết xuất (v) → extraction (n)
• hurdle: chướng ngại vật (n)~ obstacle
• molecular: phân tử (a) → molecule (n)
• exceed: vượt quá (v) → excessive (a)
• filthy: bẩn thỉu (a)
• daunting: khó khăn (a)~ challenging
• wilderness: vùng hoang dã (n) → wild (a)
• deprive of: tước đi (v)
Exercise
Fill in each blank with one word. You may have to change word form.
1. Starting a new job can be a……………………… prospect.
2. They were imprisoned and……………………… their basic rights.
3. The English word “olive” is……………………… from the Latin word “oliva”.
4. The Antarctic is the world’s last great. ………………………
5. It is undoubtedly true that sicknesses of the soul are painful for it just as physical……………………… are for the body.
6. Wash your hands – they’re……………………… !
7. She was found guilty on three charges of ……………………… the speed limit.
8. The Egyptians used a primitive form of distillation to……………………… the essential oils from plants.
9. With modern technology, scientists can study the three-dimensional ……………………… structure of the proteins.
10. The first big ……………………… in putting your car on the road is getting insurance.
1 daunting
2 deprived of
3 derived
4 wilderness
5 ailments
6 filthy
7 exceeding
8 extract
9 molecular
10 hurdle
Unit 25
• reproduce: sinh sản (v) → reproduction (n)
• immortal: bất tử (a) # mortal
• thoroughly: kỹ lưỡng, chu đáo (adv) → thorough (a)
• pupa: nhộng (n) → pupae /’pju:pi:/ (số nhiều)
• intuitively: bằng trực giác (adv) → intuition (n)
• anticipate: đoán trước (v)
• aggressively: xông xáo, tích cực (adv)
• density: mật độ (n)
• coincide: trùng khớp (v) → coincidence (n)
• colony: đàn (kiến) (n)
Exercise
Fill in each blank with one word. You may have to change word form.
1. Though he had never been to art school, he ……………………… painted vivid landscapes.
2. When the……………………… gets large, some of the insects will leave to form a new one.
3. Out team played more……………………… in the second half and equalized in the last 10 minutes.
4. It was……………………… that the rains would slow the military campaign.
5. The singer’s arrival was timed to……………………… with the opening of the festival.
6. Most reptiles……………………… by laying eggs on land.
7. Vitamin D deficiency causes a loss of bone………………………
8. We went through the report ……………………… but couldn’t find the information anywhere.
9. It’s true that exercising and eating well won’t make you. ………………………
10. Fireflies survive in soil through the winter, turn into ……………………… in spring, then emerge in summer as winged adults.
1 intuitively
2 colony
3 aggressively
4 anticipated
5 coincide
6 reproduce
7 density
8 thoroughly
9 immortal
10 pupae
Unit 26
• supplement: phân bổ sung (n)→ supplementary (a)
• irritation: sự kích thích (da) (n)/ nghĩa khác: phát cáu
• parasite: kí sinh trùng (n)
• captive : bị giam cầm (a) → captivity (n)
• starvation : chết đói (n) → starve (v)
• reservoir: nguồn dự trữ (n)
• documentary : phim tài liệu (n)
• in the flesh : bằng xương bằng thịt (idiom) ~ in real life, physically
• appreciation: hiểu rõ (n)
• variable : biến số (n) → variable (a): hay thay đổi
Exercise
Fill in each blank with one word. You may have to change word form.
1. It is an antiseptic cream suitable for minor skin………………………
2. Wildlife officials say double fences would help prevent the spread of disease between wild and ……………………… animals.
3. She is a fascinating, knowledgeable woman who I feel very privileged to have met………………………
4. With so many……………………… , it is difficult to calculate the cost.
5. 20 million people face……………………… unless a vast emergency aid prog programme is launched.
6. The course helped me to gain a deeper ……………………… of what scientific research involves.
7. He has written and directed scores of films and television series and………………………
8. The doctor said she should be taking vitamin………………………
9. We can tap into the vast……………………… of information available on the internet.
10. Your contaminated fingers can transmit the……………………… to many surfaces.
1 irritations
2 captive
3 in the flesh
4 variables
5 starvation
6 appreciation
7 documentaries
8 supplements
9 reservoir
10 parasite
Unit 27
• archipelago: quần đảo (n)
• inhospitable: khó sống (nói về môi trường) (a) # hospitable
• immobile: đứng yên (a)~ mobile
• exacerbate: làm trầm trọng thêm (v)~worsen
• alien: ngoại lai (a)
• pressing: cấp bách (a)~ urgent
• unprecedented: chưa từng có (a)
• warden: người trông coi (n)
• juvenile: con, chưa trưởng thành (a)~ young
• vegetation: cây cối (n)~ flora
Exercise
Fill in each blank with one word. You may have to change word form.
1. This attack will……………………… the already tense relations between the two countries.
2. The government seems to think that international problems are more……………………… than domestic ones.
3. Removal of the natural ……………………… has resulted in a loss of nutrients in the soil.
4. The body is so mute, so ……………………… that one might think she is dead.
5. ……………………… fish go through various stages between birth and adulthood.
6. The Hawaiian ……………………… is made up of a number of large islands and some extremely small ones.
7. The city council has employed dozens of parking……………………… to enforce regulations in streets and on car parks.
8. This century has witnessed environmental destruction on an ……………………… scale.
9. Native woodland was destroyed and ……………………… conifers were planted.
10. Tibetans still form a majority of people living in the ……………………… countryside.
1 exacerbate
5 Juvenile
2 pressing
6 archipelago
3 vegetation
7 wardens
4 immobile
8 unprecedented
9 alien
10 inhospitable
Unit 28
• mysterious: huyền bí, bí ẩn (a) → mystery (n)
• Vanish: biến mất (v)~ disappear
• transform: biến đổi (v) → tranformation (n)
• restoration: sự khôi phục (n) → restore (v)
• denude: làm trần trụi (v)
• catalyse: xúc tác (v) → catalyst (n): chất xúc tác
• bare: trọc, trần trụi (a)
• lucrative: sinh lợi (a)~ profitable
• charismatic: có sức hút (a)
• arbitrary: tùy tiện (a)
Exercise
Fill in each blank with one word. You may have to change word form.
1. She’s an actress whose inner life has remained……………………… despite the many interviews she has given.
2. Did you have a reason for choosing your destination or was it ………………………?
3. Many of the engineers left the service for more……………………… jobs abroad.
4. The floor was left ……………………… because floor coverings would have been ruined by tobacco spit.
5. Such leaders are often ……………………… figures who compel by sheer force of personality.
6. Drought and years of heavy grazing by sheep have completely………………………. the hills of grass.
7. Computers have……………………… the way work is done.
8. The first task following the disaster was the ……………………… of clean water supplies.
9. It was thought that only proteins could ……………………… reactions in cells.
10. We ran out after the thief, but he had……………………… into thin air.
1 mysterious
2 arbitrary
3 lucrative
4 bare
5 charismatic
6 denuded
7 transformed
8 restoration
9 catalyse
10 vanished
Unit 29
• interval: khoảng thời gian (giữa 2 sự việc) (n)
• traverse: đi qua (v)~ travel across
• grazing: đồng cỏ (cho gia súc ăn) (n)
• allocation: sự phân phối (n) → allocate something for something (v)
• temptation: sự cám dỗ (n)
• deter: ngăn cản (v)~ prevent
• intent: ý định (n)~aim
• breed: sinh sản (v)~ reproduce
• rear: nuôi (v)~ bring up
• instinct: bản năng (n)
Exercise
Fill in each blank with one word. You may have to change word form.
1. Higher budgetary. ……………………… for education mean more teachers can be hired and classes can be smaller.
2. The……………………… for migration seems to be programmed into some birds and not others.
3. Will this harsher punishment effectively. ……………………… criminals?
4. Mr Stuart, in 1862, made his third and final attempt to……………………… the Australia continent from Adelaide to Arnheim Land.
5. Lions usually manage to……………………… about half the number of cubs born to them.
6. Keep your valuables locked away so as not to put……………………… in the way of thieves.
7. While the animals are still immature, they do not………………………
8. First we should discover natural assets – principally rivers, and land suitable for……………………… or agriculture.
9. She was charged with possessing weapons with ……………………… to endanger life.
10. The ……………………… between major earthquakes might be 200 years.
1 allocations
2 instinct
3 deter
4 traverse
5 rear
6 temptation
7 breed
8 grazing
9 intent
10 interval
Unit 30
• bacteria: vi khuẩn (n)
• reptile: loài bò sát (n) → reptilian (a)
• invasion: sự xâm chiếm (n) → invade (v)
• cease: dừng (v)~ stop, terminate
• fragment: mảnh nhỏ (n)
• forelimb: chi trước (n)
• hindlimb
• triangular: tam giác (a) → triangle (n)
• plot: vẽ (đô thị) (v)
• overlap: trùng lắp (n, v)
• amphibious: lưỡng cư (a) → amphibian (n)
Exercise
Fill in each blank with one word. You may have to change word form.
1. Welfare payments……………………… as soon as an individual starts a job.
2. The D-Day ……………………… was a concerted exercise by the armed forces of Britain, the US and Canada.
3. Frogs are………………………animals, meaning that they live in and out of the water.
4. The road was covered with……………………… of glass from the shattered window.
5. There are great……………………… between the two subjects, making it hard for outsiders to distinguish them.
6. The Bermuda Triangle is a……………………… area in the Atlantic ocean, where more than 50 ships
and 20 aircraft have said to be mysteriously disappeared.
7. We’ve……………………… our projected costs for the coming year on a char, and they show a big increase.
8. Food must be heated to a high temperature to kill harmful………………………
9. Most mammals use their……………………… to accomplish tasks.
10. There was a fashion for keeping……………………… as pets, including snakes and tortoises.
1 cease
2 invasion
3 amphibious
4 fragments
5 overlaps
6 triangular
7 plotted
8 bacteria
9 forelimbs
10 reptiles