Unit 11
undergo : trải qua (v)
transformation: sự biến đổi (n) → transform (v)
inherently : vốn dĩ, cố hữu (adv) → inherent (a)
introverted : có tính hướng nội (a)→ introvert (n): người hướng nội
disastrous: tai hại, thảm họa (a) → disaster (n)
extroverted : có tính hướng ngoại (a) → extrovert (n)
rehabilitation : phục hồi (n)
cultivate: nuôi dưỡng, tu dưỡng (v)
fortune: vận, vận may (n)
outcome: kết quả (n)~ consequence, result
Exercise
Fill in each blank with one word. You may have to change word form.
1. When she started school, she became cautious, quiet and………………………
2. We are waiting to hear the final………………………of the negotiations.
3. An……………………… is outgoing and at ease talking to others.
4. He had the good……………………… to be awarded a scholarship.
5. She has ………………………an image as a tough negotiator.
6. The way in which we work has undergone a complete……………………… in the past decade.
7. Those who have lost limb often feel despair in the early stages of their……………………..
8. Lowering interest rates could have…………………….. consequences for the economy.
9. The protesters wanted to change the system which was…………………….. unfair and unequal.
10. The drug is currently……………………. trials in America.
1 introverted
2 outcome
3 extroverted
4 fortune
5 cultivated
6 transformation
7 rehabilitation
8 disastrous
9 inherently
10 undergoing
Unit 12
comprehend : hiểu (v)→ comprehension (n)
verbal: bằng miệng, bằng lời (a)~ oral, spoken
instruction : sự chỉ dẫn (n)
ventilation , sự thông gió (n) → ventilator (n): thiết bị thông gió
deficit: sự thiếu hụt (n)
discrepancy: sự sai lệch (n)
distressing: gây đau buồn (a) → distressed (a): đau buồn
distraction : điểu xao lãng (n)→ distracted (a): bị xao lãng
impairment: suy yếu, hư hỏng (n) → impaired (a)
imperative : cấp thiết (a)
Exercise
Fill in each blank with one word. You may have to change word form.
1. His head injuries resulted in severe memory loss and general mental…………………….
2. Patients who survive their strokes without massive neurological……………………. always show significant functional improvement.
3. I find it hard to work at home because there are too many. …………………….
4. Do you have it down in writing, or was it just a……………………. agreement?
5. The divorce was extremely. ……………………. for the children.
6. She failed to notice the……………………. between the name on the cheque and the name on the driving licence.
7. It is …………………….to continue the treatment for at least two months.
8. I don’t think he fully…………………….. that she won’t be here to help him.
9. Make sure that there is adequate ……………………. in the room before using the paint.
10. It tells you in the……………………. not to let the machine get too hot.
1 impairment
2 deficits
3 distractions
4 verbal
5 distressing
6 discrepancy
7 imperative
8 comprehends
9 ventilation
10 instructions
Unit 13
harsh: khắc nghiệt (a)
transmit: truyền (v) → transmission (n)
hardwired: bẩm sinh, tự có (a) – innate, inborn
bombard: tấn công tới tấp, dội bom (v)
encounter: chạm trán, đối mặt (v)
perceptual: nhận thức (a) → perception (n)
willingness: sự sẵn lòng (n) → willing (a)
trigger : kích hoạt (v)~ activate
impede : cản trở (v)~ hinder
track : con đường, hướng đi (n)
Exercise
Fill in each blank with one word. You may have to change word form.
1. Work on the building was……………………. by severe weather.
2. Some people find that certain foods …………………….their headaches.
3. We had to face up to the……………………. realities of life sooner or later.
4. The …………………….. of people to get involved has impressed the organizers of the event.
5. Some tests use developmental ages to describe a child’s physical, …………………….. social, and emotional maturity.
6. She decided to change her career……………………..
7. The data will be automatically…………………….. from one part of the system to another.
8. We ……………………..a number of difficulties in the first week.
9. The media……………………..us continually with images of how we should look.
10. Many aspects of morality appear to be…………………….. in the brain.
1 impeded
2 trigger
3 harsh
4 willingness
5 perceptual
6 track
7 transmitted
8 encountered
9 bombard
10 hardwired
Unit 14
emergence: sự nổi lên, sự xuất hiện (n) → emerge (v)
interact : tương tác (v)→ interaction (n)
primarily : chủ yếu (adv)~ mainly
limb: chi (tay, chân) (n)
empirical : thực nghiệm (a)
acquire : đạt được (v)→ acquisition (n): sự đắc thụ
conceive of : tưởng tượng (v)~ imagine
rage : cơn giận dữ (n)
frustration : bực mình (n) → frustrated (a)
dispute /: tranh giành (v, n)
Exercise
Fill in each blank with one word. You may have to change word form.
1. In the 1790s Britain was still…………………….. an agricultural country.
2. The ownership of this land has been…………………….. for centuries.
3. Scientists believe that global warming may have contributed to the…………………….. of coronavirus.
4. Many passengers have expressed ……………………..at the delay.
5. ……………………..studies show that some forms of alternative medicine are extremely effective.
6. I was frightened because I had never seen him in such a…………………….. before.
7. God is often…………………….. as male.
8. She has…………………….. a good knowledge of English.
9. The accident victims mostly had injuries to their lower……………………..
10. Teachers have a limited amount of time to…………………….. with each child.
1 primarily
2 disputed
3 emergence
4 frustration
5 Empirical
6 rage
7 conceived
8 acquired
9 limbs
10 interact
Unit 15
spark: châm ngòi (v)
genuine: thật, có thật (a) ~ real
seal: bịt kín (v)
faint: mờ nhạt, không rõ (a)
tranquility: sự yên tĩnh (n) → tranquil (a)
meditation: thiển (n) → meditate (v)
advocate: người ủng hộ (n)~ proponent
sceptic: người hoài nghi (n~ skeptic
flaw: sai sót (n)~ fault, defect
mechanism: cơ chế (n)
Exercise
Fill in each blank with one word. You may have to change word form.
1. The news tax proposal would…………………….. a storm of protest around the country.
2. She found peace through yoga and……………………..
3. Simple repetition was regarded as an effective learning. ……………………..
4. A…………………….. in the steering mechanism led to a recall of 200,000 cars.
5. Make sure you’ve signed the cheque before ……………………..the envelope.
6. We saw the…………………….. outline of the mountain through the mist.
7. He was unable to convince the ……………………..in the audience.
8. The author denied that his new book…………………….. violence.
9. Passing cars are the only noise that disturbs the…………………….. of rural life.
10. Fake designer watches are sold at a fraction of the price of the…………………….. article.
1 spark
2 meditation
3 mechanism
4 flaw
5 sealing
6 faint
7 sceptics
8 advocated
9 tranquility
10 genuine
Unit 16
folk: dân gian (a)
ambivalent: mâu thuẫn (a) → ambivalence (n)
defective: khiếm khuyết (a)
privileged: đặc quyền, đặc lợi (a)# underprivileged (a): bị thiệt thòi về quyền lợi
mortality: số người chết (n)
life expectancy: tuổi thọ (n)
superior: cao hơn, tốt hơn (a)~ inferior
commonplace: tầm thường (a)~ ordinary
perseverance: tính kiên trì (n) ~ persistence
dedication: sự cống hiến (n) → dedicated (a)
Exercise
Fill in each blank with one word. You may have to change word form.
1. The boss paid tribute to the high level of…………………….. and professionalism of the staff.
2. The…………………….. songs are the truest and most interesting national literature.
3. The only way to improve is through hard work and……………………..
4. Since his cold had muted his sense of taste, Bob was ……………………..about what he ate for dinner.
5. It is…………………….. for soldiers to get very little sleep.
6. If the goods are…………………….. you should get a full refund.
7. Her…………………….. intellect makes her the ideal candidate for the position.
8. ……………………..for both men and women has improved greatly in the past 20 years.
9. Poor hygiene led to high…………………….. among children.
10. As an ambassador, she enjoys a very…………………….. status.
1 dedication
2 folk
3 perseverance
4 ambivalent
5 commonplace
6 defective
7 superior
8 Life expectancy
9 mortality
10 privileged
Unit 17
terrain : địa hình (n)
dense : rậm rạp, dày đặc (a) → density (n)
shed light on : làm sáng tỏ (v)~ elucidate
interpret: hiểu (v)→ interpret something as something: hiểu… như là…
Substitute : người/vật thay thế (n) ~ replacement
ambiguity: sự tối nghĩa (n)→ ambiguous (a)
distinguish : phân biệt (v)
obscure : khó hiểu, tối tăm (a)
conquer : chiếm, chinh phục (v)
dwindling: yếu dần, giảm dần (a) → dwindle (v)
Exercise
Fill in each blank with one word. You may have to change word form.
1. The Spanish ……………………..the New World in the 16th century.
2. The meaning of his comment was…………………….. to everyone but himself.
3. The local people are concerned about…………………….. supplies of fresh water.
4. They had to change some of the wording in the document to resolve the……………………..
5. The course teaches you the theory but there’s no…………………….. for practical experience.
6. They had to clear a road through an area of ……………………..forest.
7. At what age are children able to…………………….. between right and wrong?
8. The car handles particularly well on rough……………………..
9. I didn’t know whether to…………………….. her silence as acceptance or refusal.
10. Recent research has…………………….. the causes of the global warming.
1 conquered
2 obscure
3 dwindling
4 ambiguity
5 substitute
6 dense
7 distinguish
8 terrain
9 interpret
10 shed light on
Unit 18
• womb : tử cung (n)
• pregnant : có thai (a)→ pregnancy (n)
• fascination: sự hấp dẫn (n)→ fascinating (a)
• absurd : ngớ ngẩn (a)→ absurdity (n)
• pitch : độ cao (âm thanh) (n)
• repertoire : số tiết mục (mà 1 nghệ sĩ) có thể biểu diễn /(n) một nghĩa khác rất phổ biến là: năng lực
• babble: bập bẹ, bi bô (v)
• mimic: bắt chước (a)~ imitate
• syllable: âm tiết (n)
• prompt : gây ra, khiến cho (v)~ cause
Exercise
Fill in each blank with one word. You may have to change word form.
1. The robot was programmed to…………………….. a series of human movements.
2. Children often…………………….. excitedly among themselves.
3. The …………………….. of the game lies in trying to guess what your opponent is thinking.
4. Researchers are looking at how a mother’s health can affect the baby in the……………………..
5. He got his girlfriend…………………….. and they’re getting married.
6. His …………………….. includes songs by Allen, of course, as well as other hits from the ’80s.
7. The bishop’s speech has…………………….. an angry response from both political parties.
8. She split the word up into…………………….. so that he could have a go at spelling it.
9. A basic sense of rhythm and…………………….. is essential in a music teacher.
10. Blake looked…………………….. in those tight leather trousers, but I tried not to laugh.
1 mimic
2 babble
3 fascination
4 womb
5 pregnant
6 repertoire
7 prompted
8 syllables
9 pitch
10 absurd
Unit 19
• neurological: thần kinh (a)
• sequential: nối tiếp, liên tiếp (a) sequence (n)
• compelling : có tính thuyết phục (a) ~ convincing
• corresponding : tương ứng (a)
• juggle: xử lý (nhiều thứ cùng lúc) (v)/ một nghĩa khác cũng phổ biến là: tung hứng
• be rooted in : có nguồn gốc từ (v)
• interference : sự can thiệp, xen vào (n) → interfere (v)
• compensate : bù đắp (v) → compensation (n)
• symptom: triệu chứng (n)
• impart: cho, tặng (v)→ impart something to something
Exercise
Fill in each blank with one word. You may have to change word form.
1. Shiitake mushrooms…………………….. a wonderfully woody flavour to the salad.
2. A change in the money supply brings a…………………….. change in expenditure.
3. Nurses are taught how to identify and treat the…………………….. of poisoning.
4. Migraine is a common, chronic…………………….. disorder that affects 12% or more of the adult population in Western countries.
5. Nothing can…………………….. for the loss of a loved one.
6. Working mothers are used to…………………….. their jobs, their children’s needs and their housework.
7. Despite ……………………..evidence, he and his gang have received no convictions.
8. The buying process is analysed as a series of…………………….. steps.
9. We will not allow any…………………….. with the normal democratic processes.
10. The decline of this city…………………….. the move away from local steel in the 1980s.
1 impart
2 corresponding
3 symptoms
4 neurological
5 compensate
6 juggling
7 compelling
8 sequential
9 interference
10 is rooted in
Unit 20
• advent: sự đến, sự tới (n)~ arrival
• pale: mờ nhạt (a)
• originate: bắt nguồn (v)→ origin (n): nguồn gốc
• paradox: nghịch lý (n)
• marvellous : tuyệt vời (a)~ wonderful
• infinite: vô hạn (a)~ countless
• renowned: nổi tiếng (a)~ famous, eminent
• essence: bản chất (n)
• penetrate: hiểu được (v)~ understand, comprehend
• take something for granted: xem nhẹ, xem thường thứ gì đó (v)
Exercise
Fill in each blank with one word. You may have to change word form.
1. The…………………….. of his argument was that education should continue throughout life.
2. People in developed countries have an endless supply of clean water and so they often……………………..
3. We asked for advice from the…………………….. legal expert, Sam Pincher.
4. Science can…………………….. many of nature’s mysteries.
5. Before the…………………….. of the railways, communications were slow and difficult.
6. There seemed to be an…………………….. number of paint colors to choose from.
7. It took me ages to get it right, but it was a ……………………..feeling when I did.
8. Jazz…………………….. in the US and is now popular throughout the world.
9. It’s a curious …………………….. that drinking a lot of water can often make you feel thirsty.
10. But by and large, this campaign was a ……………………. imitation of its immediate predecessor.
1 essence
2 take it for granted
3 renowned
4 penetrate
5 advent
6 infinite
7 marvellous
8 originated
9 paradox
10 pale